Configuration of implanted devices

ABSTRACT

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an implantable medical device comprising: an implantable component, comprising an implantable memory module, configured to receive and store recipient-specific operating parameters in the implantable memory module, an external component, comprising an external memory module, configured to communicate with the implantable component to receive the recipient-specific operating parameters, and to configure the external component using the recipient-specific operating parameters, wherein the implantable medical device is configured to transfer the recipient-specific operating parameters upon operationally coupling the implantable component with the external component.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 10/333,676 entitled “Configuration of ImplantedDevices,” filed Jul. 6, 2001, which is a National Stage Application ofPCT/AU01/00811 filed Jul. 6, 2001 all of which are hereby incorporatedby reference herein.

BACKGROUND

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates generally to implantable medical devices,and more particularly, to the configuration of implantable medicaldevices.

2. Related Art

Implantable medical devices have become more commonplace as theirtherapeutic benefits become more widely accepted and the impact and riskof their use have been managed. Many such medical devices include one ormore implantable components, collectively referred to as an implantableassembly, and one or more external components, collectively referred toas an external assembly.

In some devices, the external and implanted components are communicablylinked by a communication link, such as an RF or inductive link, toprovide the required functionality. Although the following will oftenrefer to a particular category of implantable medical devices, namelyimplantable prosthetic hearing devices known as cochlear implants, it isto be understood that the following is applicable to other types ofimplantable medical devices such as spinal, visual or other neuralstimulators, and medical devices developed for other applications,including those medical implant applications which help to diagnose,monitor, regulate or treat conditions within a recipient's body in whichcomponents of the medical device is implanted.

Within the context of prosthetic hearing devices, such implantablemedical devices may be beneficially used to treat hearing loss. Hearingloss is generally of two types, conductive and sensorineural. Thetreatment of both types of hearing loss has been quite different,relying on different principles to enable sound percepts to be generatedin a recipient's brain. Conductive hearing loss occurs when the normalmechanical pathways for sound to reach the hair cells in the cochlea areimpeded, for example, by damage to the ossicles. In such recipients,hearing is often improved with the use of conventional hearing aids.Such hearing aids amplify sound so that acoustic information reaches thehair cells of the cochlea. Typically, conventional hearing aids utilizeacoustic mechanical stimulation, whereby the sound is amplifiedaccording to a number of varying techniques, and delivered to the innerear as mechanical energy. This may be, for example, through a column ofair to the eardrum, or through direct delivery to the ossicles of themiddle ear.

Sensorineural hearing loss is due to the absence or destruction of thecochlear hair cells which are needed to transduce acoustic signals intoauditory nerve impulses. Individuals suffering from this type of hearingloss are unable to derive any benefit from conventional hearing aidsregardless of the magnitude of the acoustic mechanical stimulus. In suchcases, cochlear™ implants (also referred to as cochlear™ devices,cochlear™ prostheses, cochlear™ implant systems, and the like; simply“cochlear implants” herein) have been developed to provide hearingpercepts in such individuals. Cochlear implants provide electricalstimulation via stimulating electrodes positioned as close as possibleto the nerve endings of the auditory nerve, essentially bypassing thecochlear hair cells. The application of a stimulation pattern to thenerve endings causes impulses to be sent to the brain via the auditorynerve, resulting in the brain perceiving the impulses as sound.

Conventional cochlear implants employ one or more implanted componentsas well as one or more external components. External components include,for example, a microphone and a speech processor. Internal componentsinclude, for example, an electrode carrier member for implantation inthe cochlea to position an array of electrodes or contacts in thecochlea, and a stimulator unit which generates and delivers electricalstimulation signals to the electrodes.

In conventional medical devices, including the conventional cochlearimplants noted above, one or more of the external components aretypically configured, or customized, for operation with a specificrecipient. Such customization is typically achieved by deriving a set ofinstructions or settings values for that recipient, referred to asrecipient-specific operating parameters, and storing those parameters inthe customizable external component. The recipient-specific operatingparameters are then used by the external component to perform operationsfor that recipient. In the cochlear implant application introducedabove, such operations include, for example, processing received soundsin a specific manner that is optimized or “fitted” for the particularrecipient. For cochlear implants, these settings values or instructionsare typically set by audiologists, surgeons or other health careprofessional around the time that the cochlear implant is implanted inthe recipient, or after allowing time for healing or adjustment to passfollowing implantation of the cochlear implant in the recipient.

SUMMARY

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided animplantable medical device, the device comprising: an implantablecomponent, comprising an implantable memory module, configured toreceive and store recipient-specific operating parameters in theimplantable memory module, an external component, comprising an externalmemory module, configured to communicate with the implantable componentto receive the recipient-specific operating parameters, and to configurethe external component using the recipient-specific operatingparameters, wherein the implantable medical device is configured totransfer the recipient-specific operating parameters upon operationallycoupling the implantable component with the external component.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provideda method for configuring an implantable medical device for a recipienthaving an implantable component and an external component, each of thecomponents having a respective implantable memory module and externalmemory module, the method comprising: storing recipient-specificoperating parameters in the implantable component, communicably couplingthe implantable component and the external component, transferring therecipient-specific operating parameters from the implantable componentto the external component, and configuring the external component byapplying the recipient-specific operating parameters to the externalcomponent.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, there isprovided a computer readable medium comprising a computer program forcontrolling a processor to execute a method for configuring animplantable medical device for a recipient having an implantablecomponent and an external component, each of the components having arespective implantable memory module and external memory module, themethod comprising: storing recipient-specific operating parameters inthe implantable component, communicably coupling the implantablecomponent and the external component, transferring therecipient-specific operating parameters from the implantable componentto the external component, and configuring the external component byapplying the recipient-specific operating parameters to the externalcomponent.

According to a yet further aspect of the present invention, there isprovided an implantable medical device for a recipient having animplantable component and an external component, each of the componentshaving a respective implantable memory module and external memorymodule, the device comprising: means for storing recipient-specificoperating parameters in the implantable component, means forcommunicably coupling the implantable component and the externalcomponent, means for transferring the recipient-specific operatingparameters from the implantable component to the external component, andmeans for configuring the external component by applying therecipient-specific operating parameters to the external component.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is providedan implantable medical device, the medical device comprising: animplantable component, comprising an implantable memory module,configured to receive and store recipient-specific operating parametersin the implantable memory module, an external component, comprising anexternal memory module, configured to communicate with the implantablecomponent to transmit configuration data to or from the implantablecomponent, wherein the implantable medical device is configured totransfer the configuration data upon operationally coupling theimplantable component with the external component.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments of the present invention are described below with referenceto the attached drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an example of a cochlear implantsuitable for implementing embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 2A is a functional block diagram of a cochlear implant according toembodiments of the present invention in which internally-storedrecipient-specific operating parameters is transmitted to an externalcomponent;

FIG. 2B is a functional block diagram of a cochlear implant according toembodiments of the present invention in which internally-storedrecipient-specific operating parametersis transmitted to an externalcomponent;

FIG. 2C is a functional block diagram of a cochlear implant according toembodiments of the present invention in which internally-storedrecipient-specific operating parameters are transmitted to an externalcomponent in response to a request generated by the external component;

FIG. 2D is a functional block diagram of a cochlear implant according toembodiments of the present invention in which internally-storedrecipient-specific operating parameters are transmitted to an externalcomponent automatically;

FIG. 3A is a functional block diagram of a cochlear implant according toembodiments of the present invention in which externally-stored data isreceived by an implanted component;

FIG. 3B is a functional block diagram of a cochlear implant according toembodiments of the present invention in which externally-stored data isreceived by an implanted component;

FIG. 4A is a functional block diagram of a cochlear implant according toembodiments of the present invention in which internally-storedrecipient-specific operating parameters and externally stored data areexchanged between respective implanted and external components;

FIG. 4B is a functional block diagram of a cochlear implant according toembodiments of the present invention in which internally-storedrecipient-specific operating parameters and externally stored data areexchanged between respective implanted and external components;

FIG. 5A is a functional block diagram of a cochlear implant according toembodiments of the present invention in which externally stored data istransmitted to an implanted component;

FIG. 5B is a functional block diagram of a cochlear implant according toother embodiments of the present invention in which externally storeddata is transmitted to an implanted component;

FIG. 6A is a schematic diagram of a cochlear implant programming systemaccording to embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 6B is a simplified perspective view of an external and implantablecomponents of a cochlear implant according to embodiments of the presentinvention;

FIG. 7A is a flowchart of the initial customization or programming of acochlear implant according to embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 7B is a flowchart of the initial customization or programming of acochlear implant according to other embodiments of the presentinvention;

FIG. 7C is a flowchart diagram of the initial programming of a cochlearimplant according to embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 8A is a flowchart of the programming 800A of a destinationcomponent from a source component of a cochlear implant according toembodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 8B is a flowchart of the programming 800B of a destinationcomponent from a source component of a cochlear implant according toother embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 9A is a schematic diagram of memory modules in implantable andexternal components of a cochlear implant according to embodiments ofthe present invention; and

FIG. 9B is a schematic diagram of memory modules in implantable andexternal components of a cochlear implant according to furtherembodiments of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments of the present invention are generally directed to theconfiguration of a customizable external component of an implantablemedical device. The parameters, which when used by the customizableexternal component cause it to operate for the specific recipient, arestored in an implantable component of the device. Such parameters areprovided to the customizable external component, for example when theexternal and internal components are operationally coupled, when themedical device is initially powered, or at some other occasion in whichthe interoperability of the external and internal components is to beestablished and or confirmed so that the medical device may performoperations for this specific recipient.

Medical devices having customizable external components which areconfigured for a specific recipient utilizing date stored within acomponent implanted in the recipient enables, for example, for thereplacement of the external component by the recipient without furthercontribution by a audiologist, doctor, surgeon or other health careprofessional.

According to embodiments of the present invention, the externalcomponents are generic in that they are provided to the recipientwithout first setting any operational parameters that are tailored foruse by the particular recipient. The configuration process involvesstoring operational parameters that are specific to a particularrecipient in the memory module of an implantable component, transmittingat least one configuration data between the implantable and externalcomponents, and changing or confirming the configuration of at least oneof the implantable and external components based on the transferredconfiguration data.

Cochlear implants use direct electrical stimulation of auditory nervecells to bypass absent or defective hair cells that normally transduceacoustic vibrations into neural activity. Such devices generally usemulti-contact electrodes inserted into the scala tympani of the cochleaso that the electrodes may differentially activate auditory neurons thatnormally encode differential pitches of sound. These devices are alsoused to treat a smaller number of recipients with bilateral degenerationof the auditory nerve. Such devices are described in commonly owned andco-pending U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 11/605,952 and 11/605,951,which are hereby incorporated by reference herein. For such recipients,a cochlear implant provides stimulation of the cochlear nucleus in thebrainstem. Such devices, therefore, are commonly referred to as auditorybrainstem implants (ABIs).

Although some embodiment of the present invention are described hereinwith reference to a particular type of cochlear implant, it should beunderstood that embodiments of the present invention may be implementedin connection with all forms of cochlear implants. Furthermore, itshould be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art thatembodiments of the present invention may be implemented in stimulatingmedical devices other than cochlear implants such as neurostimulators,cardiac pacemakers/defibrillators, etc. as well as other medical deviceswhich utilize a carrier member to temporarily or permanently implant,deliver or otherwise introduce into a recipient a therapeutic agent,sensor, electrodes or other active or passive components now or laterdeveloped.

Exemplary embodiments of a cochlear implant utilized in accordance withembodiments of the present invention include a Contour™, Freedom™,Nucleus™ or Cochlear™ implant sold by Cochlear Limited, Australia. Suchdevices are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,532,930, 6,537,200, 6,565,503,6,575,894, and 6,697,674, which are hereby incorporated by referenceherein. Similarly, cochlear implants utilizing a short electrode arrayare described in commonly owned and co-pending U.S. patent applicationSer. Nos. 11/605,952 and 11/605,951, which are hereby incorporated byreference herein.

FIG. 1 is a cut-away view of the relevant components of outer ear 101,middle ear 102 and inner ear 103, with an exemplary cochlear implant120. In a fully functional ear, outer ear 101 comprises an auricle 105and an ear canal 106. An acoustic pressure or sound wave 107 iscollected by auricle 105 and channeled into and through ear canal 106.Disposed across the distal end of ear canal 106 is a tympanic membrane104 which vibrates in response to acoustic wave 107. This vibration iscoupled to oval window, or fenestra ovalis, 110 through three bones ofmiddle ear 102, collectively referred to as the ossicles 111.

Ossicles 111 comprise malleus 112, incus 113 and stapes 114. Bones 112,113 and 114 of middle ear 102 serve to filter and amplify acoustic wave107, causing oval window 110 to articulate, or vibrate. Such vibrationsets up waves of fluid motion within cochlea 115. Such fluid motion, inturn, activates tiny hair cells (not shown) that line the inside ofcochlea 115. Activation of the hair cells causes appropriate nerveimpulses to be transferred through the spiral ganglion cells (not shown)to auditory nerve 116 and, ultimately, to the brain where they areperceived as sound. In some persons experiencing sensorineural hearingloss, there is an absence or destruction of the hair cells. Cochlearimplant 120 is utilized to directly stimulate the ganglion cells toprovide a hearing sensation to such persons.

FIG. 1 also shows how cochlear implant 120 is positioned in relation toouter ear 101, middle ear 102 and inner ear 103. Cochlear implant 120comprises external assembly 122 which is directly or indirectly attachedto the body of the recipient, and an internal assembly 124 which istemporarily or permanently implanted in the recipient. External assembly122 comprises microphone 125 for detecting sound which is provided to abehind-the-ear (BTE) speech processing unit 126 that generates codedsignals. The coded signals are provided to an external transmitter unit128, along with power from a power source (not shown) such as a battery.External transmitter unit 128 comprises an external coil 130 and,preferably, a magnet (not shown) secured directly or indirectly inexternal coil 130.

Internal assembly 124 comprises an internal receiver unit 132 having aninternal coil (not shown) that transcutaneously receives power and codedsignals from external assembly 122, and provides such signals to astimulator unit 134. In response to the coded signals, stimulator 134applies stimulation signals to cochlea 115 via an electrode assembly 140implanted through temporal bone 160. Electrode assembly 140 enterscochlea 115 via an opening of the perilymphatic spaces of cochlea 115,referred to as cochleostomy 142, and has an array 144 of one or moreelectrodes 150 positioned to be substantially aligned with portions oftonotopically-mapped cochlea 115. The delivery of stimulation signals atvarious locations along cochlea 115 causes a hearing perceptrepresentative of the received sound 107.

Electrode assembly 140 preferably assumes an optimal electrode positionin cochlea 115 upon or immediately following implantation into thecochlea. It is also desirable that electrode assembly 140 be configuredsuch that the insertion process causes minimal trauma to the sensitivestructures of cochlea 115. Typically, electrode assembly 140 ispre-curved, held in a substantially straight configuration at leastduring the initial stages of the implantation procedure, then conformingto the natural shape of the cochlea during, and subsequent to,implantation.

FIG. 2A is a functional block diagram of a cochlear implant 220according to embodiments of the present invention in whichinternally-stored data from an implanted component 224 is transmitted(represented by the arrow) to an external component 222. In FIG. 2A,dashed line 290 represents the internal/external separation with regardto the recipient of the implant system 220 in which external component222 is disposed outside of the recipient's body while implantedcomponent 224 is disposed inside the recipient's body. As explainedfurther below, the data transmitted from implanted component 224 toexternal component 222, in particular embodiments of the presentinvention, comprises programming data or other parameters specific tothe recipient coded into memory or other data-retaining structure withinimplanted component 224. For example, data may be stored in any mannersuitable for the particular application, including programmed in anapplication-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or other computerhardware, software code, data tables stored in memory, etc.

While the precise details of speech processing schemes are not necessaryfor an understanding of the present invention, as a person havingordinary skill in the art will be aware, many processing schemes havebeen used and proposed. Virtually all such schemes rely onrecipient-specific data. For example, following implantation it is usualfor the implanted electrodes in a multi-electrode array to be tested forfunction, and for the sound percepts which are generated by stimuli toparticular electrode pairs to be determined. These electrode-specificpercepts are used in conjunction with a selected stimulation strategy togenerate a recipient-specific “map”. Even where two recipients use thesame speech processing scheme, they may benefit from using differentspeech processing schemes and different parameters from one another.Further, each user may benefit from using a unique stimulus codingstrategy. Other data may also be stored, for example alternative speechprocessing schemes and the user specific strategy for those schemes, ordata of other types. All these data will be discussed as user specificparameters for the purposes of the discussion below, and are wellunderstood by those skilled in the art.

In operation, when external component 222 is coupled to implantedcomponent 224, recipient-specific data that is stored within implantedcomponent 222 is transmitted (represented by the arrow) to memory withinexternal component 222. External component 222 then uses the receiveddata to program or configure external component 222 in order to operatein a manner dictated by the received recipient-specific data. Thus,external component 222 may be a generic yet compatible with implantedcomponent 224, and not otherwise programmed or customized for therecipient prior to being coupled with implanted component 224. Afterbeing coupled with implanted component 224 and after downloading therecipient-specific parameters from implanted components 224, externalcomponent 222 will become non-generic as it becomes customized orotherwise programmed for the specific recipient from whose implantedcomponent 224 the recipient-specific data was downloaded.

FIG. 2B is a functional block diagram of a cochlear implant 220according to further embodiments of the present invention in whichinternally-stored data from implanted component 224 is transmitted(represented by the arrow) to an external component 222. In theembodiment illustrated, external component comprises an ambient soundpickup device or mic 225, an external processor 226, a power unit 227,an external memory module 228 and an external transmitter/receivercomponent 232. Implanted component 224 of the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 2B comprises an internal transmitter/receiver component 242,implanted processor 236, an implanted memory module 238 and astimulation generator 241. Stimulation generator 241 is electricallycoupled to an electrode array 244 which is configured to deliverelectrical stimulation signals to hair cells in the cochlea of therecipient. As noted earlier, in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2B,recipient-specific parameter data is transferred from implanted memorymodule 238 via transmitters/receivers 232, 242 to external memory module228 when external component 222 is brought into operational mode withimplanted component 224, for example at start-up or initialization.Furthermore, the hearing prosthesis may be configured such that theparameter data may be transferred from implanted memory module 238 toexternal memory module 228 periodically, for example every hour afterthe components 222, 224 are brought into an operational state. A portionof the periodically transferred data may comprise an ID code which isused to maintain continued operation of the hearing prosthesis as longas the received ID code matches the expected ID code.

By storing recipient-specific parameter data in implanted component 224according to embodiments of the present invention, the recipient is ableto replace external component 222, as long as external component 222 iscompatible, without losing the recipient-specific parameter data whichotherwise may stored in an external component as in conventionalcochlear implants. Considering the time and therefore the cost to testand then fix a set of parameters fitted or customized to a particularrecipient, and then to provide those parameters to the recipient'scochlear implant, one having skill in the art will appreciate the timeand cost saved by storing those recipient-specific parameters withinimplanted component 224 and then downloading those parameters to one ormany customizable but initially generic external component 222.Especially in the case of younger users of medical devices according tothe present invention, the cost savings in providing a customizable butinitially generic external component can be quite substantial.Furthermore, as external components advance in terms of design orfunctionality, the provider of the cochlear implant, for example themanufacturing of the external component for the cochlear implant, cansimply provide the improved external component to the recipient, withouthaving to provide for a programming process, who will be able tocustomize the replacement external component on their own according toembodiments of the present invention.

In one embodiment of the present invention, an ID code from implantedmemory module 238 is transmitted from implanted component 224 toexternal component 222 during an initialization phase where externalcomponent 222 stores the ID code in memory 228. Later, during continuedoperation of the hearing prosthesis, the ID code from implanted memorymodule 238 is transmitted periodically from implanted component 224 toexternal component 222, where the received ID code is compared byprocessor 222 against the ID already stored in memory 228. Where thereceived ID code is identical to the ID code stored in memory 228,cochlear implant 220 continues operation. Where the received ID code isnot identical to the ID code stored in memory 228, operation of cochlearimplant 220 will halt and the device will enter into a fault or errorstate. Implanted component 224 is configured to wait a period of timeduring which the ID code. Where the ID code is not received during thiswindow of time, or where the ID code received does not match theexpected ID code, the implanted component 224 enters an error state. Anindicator or alarm may be triggered from entering this fault or errorstate. In a further embodiment of the present invention, the ID codestored in memory 238 of implanted component 224 may be transmitted toand stored by external component 222 during initialization as describedabove. During operation, instead of implanted component 224 periodicallytransmitting the ID code, external component 222 periodically transmitsthe ID code to implanted code 224. Where processor 236 of implantedcomponent 224 compares the received ID code to the ID code stored inmemory 238 and finds them to be identical or otherwise acceptable,implanted component 224 continues operation. Where processor 236 findsthe ID codes to not be identical, operations of cochlear implant 220will halt or enter an error or fault state as described above.

FIGS. 2C and 2D illustrate different schemes for triggering the transferof recipient-specific parameters. In FIG. 2C, a request (represented bythe left-to-right arrow) for data is followed by a responsive downloadof the recipient-specific parameters, as will be understood by onehaving ordinary skill in the computer arts. FIG. 2D illustrates adifferent technique for triggering the data transfer in anotherembodiment of the invention in which an ID circuit 270, for example anRFID chip, is incorporated into external component 222. Implantedcomponent 224 comprises a circuit configured to detect and received datafrom an ID circuit 270 such as an RFID chip. Upon detecting the IDcircuit and upon passing a pre-programmed test, recipient-specific datastored in memory 238 of implanted component 224 is transmitted toexternal component 222 automatically. The pre-programmed test may be thematching of data representing a serial number or a model number. In oneembodiment of the present invention, receiving a model number from ID270 of external component 222 which is an exact match or within a rangeof acceptable model numbers stored in implanted component 222 will allowcochlear implant 220 to enter an operational state. Where the modelnumber is not an exact match or within an expected range programmed intoimplanted component 224, hearing prosthesis will be prevented fromentering an operational state, or if already in operational state, willcause hearing prosthesis to enter a fault or error mode.

It is to be understood that although the descriptions of the embodimentsabove describe the recipient-specific data being transferred fromimplanted component 224 to external component 222, the recipient-specific data may be transferred from external memory module 228 ofexternal component 222 to implanted component 224 under embodiments ofthe present invention. In FIG. 3A, cochlear implant 320 comprisesexternal component 322 and implanted component 324, with artificialdashed lined 390 indicating the division inside and outside therecipient's body. In the embodiment shown, data is transmitted(represented by the arrow) from external component 322 to implantedcomponent 324. As detailed in FIG. 3B, in this particular embodiment ofthe present invention, data stored in an ID circuit 370, for example anRFID chip, is transmitted to implanted component 324. Upon verificationof the data received from ID circuit 370, a functional component 327,for example a power pack, is able to transmit energy or data toimplanted component 324. Where data received from ID circuit 370 is notverified or where the verification data fails to be received byimplanted component 324, implanted component 324 may reject or otherwisenot process data or other signal energy from external component 322.Functional component 327 may be one or more functional componentsincluding, but not limited to, a power module, a speech processor,amplification circuit, a DSP, among others. Data stored and transmittedfrom ID circuit 370 may comprise a serial number, encoded authenticationdata, a model number that is not unique to the particular device beingcoupled to implanted component 324, among other data. After the data isreceived from ID circuit 370, implanted processor 336 may conductfurther processing, calculations or modifications of the received datain order to verify or authenticate the external component 322. One goalachieved by this particular embodiment of the present invention in whichexternal component 322 is authenticated prior to being used withimplanted component 324 is that strict manufacturing standards andquality control may be maintained in order to maximize safety for therecipient as well as to protect the public's perception of themanufacturer(s) of the authentic components.

FIG. 4A is a functional block diagram of a cochlear implant 420according to embodiments of the present invention in whichinternally-stored data and externally stored data are exchanged orcommunicated bi-directionally between respective implanted and externalcomponents 424 and 422. As shown in FIG. 4B, In this particularembodiment, authentication data may be stored in ID circuit 440. Uponauthentication of external component 422 by implanted component 424using authentication data from ID circuit 440, in a manner similardescribed above with respect to FIGS. 3A and 3B, implanted component 424transmits recipient-specific data stored in implanted memory module 438,via implanted transmitter/receiver module 442 via externaltransmitter/receiver module 432 to processor 426. As describedpreviously, upon receiving the recipient-specific data, externalprocessor 426 configures various circuits and components of externalcomponent 422 managed by processor 426 to be customized for therecipient whose implanted component 424 transmitted therecipient-specific data. This embodiment of the present invention allowsfor both authentication of external component 422 using authenticationdata from ID circuit 440, as well as customization of external component422 using recipient-specific data stored within implanted component 424.

FIG. 5A is a functional block diagram of a cochlear implant 520according to embodiments of the present invention in which externallystored data is transmitted to an implanted component. As shown, externalcomponent 522 is coupled to a communication module 521 which retrievesor, in alternative embodiments of the present invention, receivesauthentication data from ID circuit 570. While external component 522 iscoupled to communication module 521, external transmitter/receivermodule 532 transmits retrieved (or received) authentication data viaimplanted transmitter/receiver module 542 to implanted processor 536 ofimplanted component 524. Following authentication by implanted component524 of external component 522, as shown in FIG. 5B, communication module521 is decoupled from external component 532 and data or energy fromfunctional component 527 of external component 522 is transmitted andused by implanted component 524. In one particular embodiment of thepresent invention, functional component 527 may be a simple power modulewhich is configured to transfer power through the housing (not shown) ofexternal component 522 without a transmitter circuit or component. Byproviding a communication module 521 which may be decoupled followingauthentication or other data transfer, external component 522 may beconfigured to be smaller and simpler than if a communication componentwere to be incorporated into external component 522. As one having skillin the art will recognize, having a smaller and simpler externalcomponent may have many benefits for both the manufacturer as well asthe recipient including reduced manufacturing cost, easier maintenance,allowing disposability of external component 522, lighter-weightbody-worn external component 522, slimmer profile and overallaesthetics, among many others. Although FIGS. 5A and 5B are depictedwith data being communicated only from external to implanted components522, 524, it is to be understood that other embodiments of the presentinvention may be configured to allow bi-directional orimplanted-to-external component communication of data.

FIG. 6A is a schematic diagram of a cochlear implant programming system619 according to embodiments of the present invention. As depicted inFIG. 6A, a programming device, shown in FIG. 6A as a computer with CPU690, display 692 and input device 694 shown as a computer keyboard, maybe coupled via communication link 696 to the external component (notshown) of cochlear implant 620 in recipient 698. It is to be understoodthat the programming device shown as comprising CPU 690, display 692 andkeyboard 694 may comprise different or additional components than isshown in FIG. 6A. Furthermore, it is to be understood that communicationlink 696 may comprise a local area network (LAN) including theassociation hardware and software, a wide area network (WAN) and theInternet, as well as any other intermediate communications channel, nowknown or later developed, which may enable communications between theprogramming system and cochlear implant 620 for recipient 698.Furthermore, although recipient 698 is illustrated as having recipient'scochlear implant 620 disposed within or on recipient 698, it is to beunderstood that other embodiments of the present invention will beconfigured to allow cochlear implant 620 to be programmed withoutparticipation by or in the presence of recipient 698.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6A, the cochlear implant 620 isprovided with initial programming such that the initially-providedprogramming may be used as described above in order to customize anexternal component 522 (FIG. 5A) to be used with implanted component 524(FIG. 5A). The provided initial programming may includerecipient-specific parameters following one or more fitting sessions atthe audiologist clinic.

FIG. 6B is a schematic diagram of an external and implantablecomponents, 622 and 624 respectively, of a cochlear implant 620according to embodiments of the present invention. As one of ordinaryskill will appreciate, components 622 and 624 are greatly simplified fordiscussion purposes only. As described above, in one particularembodiment of the present invention, after implantation surgery andsubsequent healing process, the recipient (not shown) may operationallycouple external component 622 with implanted component 624. Therecipient presses the “on” button of external component 622 or otherwiseactivates external component 622, which then causes external component622 to retrieve recipient-specific data from implanted component 624.This retrieval by external component 622 of the recipient-specific datafrom implanted component 624 may be characterized by some havingordinary skill in the relevant art as “pulling” the data from implantedcomponent 624 to external component 622.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the recipient pressingthe “on” button of external component 622 or otherwise activatingexternal component 622 causes external component 622 to broadcast anactivation status signal which is received by implanted component 624.In response to receive the activation status signal, and not a datatransmission request, implanted component 624 initiates a transmissionof the recipient-specific data to the external component 622. Thisautomatic initiation of the transmission of the recipient-specific databy and from implanted component 624 to external component 622 may becharacterized by some having ordinary skill in the relevant art as“pushing” the recipient-specific data by implanted component 624 toexternal component 622.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, pressing the “on”button or otherwise activating (or allowing) external component 627 willtrigger a transmission of authentication data from external component622 to implanted component 624, which may be followed by a transmissionof recipient-specific data from implanted component 624 to externalcomponent 622.

FIG. 7A is a flowchart diagram of the initial programming 700A of acochlear implant according to embodiments of the present invention. Inthe embodiment illustrated, the implantable component is the “source”component from which data, such as recipient-specific parameters, istransferred to the external component. However, it is to be understoodthat in other embodiments of the present invention, including thosedescribed above, the “source” component may be the external componentfrom which data, such as an ID code or other authentication data, may betransferred to the implanted memory module 338 (FIG. 3). As shown inblock 710A, the source component is coupled to a cochlear implantprogramming system, such as programming system 619 (FIG. 6A) asdescribed above. In block 720A, data is transferred from the programmingsystem to the source component. The source component thus receives thetransferred data from the programming system and acts as the “source” inlater steps for one or more components which establishes a link to thesource component.

FIG. 7B is a flowchart diagram of the initial programming 700B of acochlear implant according to embodiments of the present invention. Asnoted above, the “source” component may be the implantable component inone embodiment of the present invention. In block 710B, the implantablecomponent is coupled to a programming system, such as system 619 (FIG.6A). In block 720B, the data is transferred to a memory module withinthe implantable component. In block 730B, the transferred data isverified as will be known to persons having skill in the relevantcomputer arts. After the data is transferred, in block 740B, theimplantable component is de-coupled or otherwise disconnected from theprogramming system.

FIG. 7C is a flowchart diagram of the initial programming 700C of acochlear implant described above with regard to FIG. 7B. The embodimentof the present invention illustrated in FIG. 7C is similar to theembodiment illustrated in FIG. 7B, but also comprises block 715C which,following the implantable component being coupled to the programmingsystem, verifies the compatibility of the implantable component with theprogramming system. This verification may be accomplished in a varietyof ways, in different embodiments of the present invention. In oneembodiment of the present invention, ID code or other data such asserial number data, model number data, or other information found withina memory storage area of the implantable component may be retrieved bythe programming system or otherwise transferred to the programmingsystem. In other embodiments of the present invention, a proprietaryphysical connector and its unique dimensions is the verificationmechanism, whereby the fact that an implantable component having onepart of the proprietary connector is able to be physically connected theprogramming system which comprises the other part of the proprietaryconnector serves as the verification of compatibility in block 715C.Similar to the blocks described in conjunction with FIG. 7B, theprogramming data is transferred to the implanted memory module in block720C, and then the transferred data is verified in block 730C. In block740C, an INIT_DATA_ID variable is set by the programming system. TheINIT_DATA_ID may comprise any data as long as it is sufficiently uniqueso as to be useful in verifying that the same implantable and externalcomponents coupled and activated are being used throughout the operationof the hearing prosthetic device. In one embodiment of the presentinvention, the programming system generates INIT_DATA_ID usingdate/time-stamp information from the programming system. In anotherembodiment of the present invention, INIT_DAT_ID is generated by anencryption program or circuit. In block 750C, the implantable device isdecoupled from the programming system and is ready for implantation inor use by the recipient.

Where the “source” component is an implantable component rather than anexternal component, it is to be understood that the programmingdescribed above may occur in an implantable device which has not yetbeen implanted in the recipient. In one embodiment, the implantablecomponent is programmed as described above during the manufacturingprocess. In another embodiment, the implantable component is programmedafter being implanted in the recipient, either immediately uponimplantation or after a period of time has passed. It is further to beunderstood that the “source” component may be an external component inother embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 8A is a flowchart diagram of the programming 800A of a destinationcomponent from a source component of a cochlear implant according toembodiments of the present invention. In block 810A, the sourcecomponent and the destination component are coupled to one another. Inone embodiment of the present invention, the source component is animplantable component having an implanted memory module, as describedabove. In that embodiment, the destination component is an externalcomponent similarly comprising an external memory module. In anotherembodiment of the present invention, the source component is an externalcomponent and the destination component is an implantable component,each having respective memory modules from and to which data istransferred as described herein. In block 820A, data from the sourcecomponent is transferred to the destination component. In block 830A,the cochlear implant, which comprises the implantable and externalcomponent, is operated using the data transferred between the source todestination components. In one embodiment of the present invention, thedata transferred from the source component to the destination componentis applied to the destination component such that the destinationcomponent becomes customized or otherwise modified to benefit thespecific recipient. For example, where the destination component is anexternal speech processor component, the data transferred may compriserecipient-specific parameters, such as a map as described above, suchthat the speech processor component processes incoming audio signals andprovides stimulation to the implantable component using the recipient'sspecific map.

FIG. 8B is a flowchart diagram of the programming 800B of a destinationcomponent from a source component of a cochlear implant according toother embodiments of the present invention. In block 805B, one or bothof the implantable and external components verifies the compatibility ofthe components. In one embodiment of the present invention, thisverification may be conducted through the detection or receipt of an IDcode or other verifiable data from one of the implantable and externalcomponents. This verifiable data may comprise a serial number, a modelnumber, a verification code, the combination of data sent in a specificand pre-determined sequence or manner, as well as other data or schemesnow known or later developed useful in verifying one component toanother. After the verification, a programming connection is establishedin block 810B between the source and destination components.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the destination component isthe external component and the source component is the implantablecomponent. In that embodiment of the present invention, the implantableand external component establishes a programming connection through, forexample, a hand-shake sequence, as will be known to persons having skillin the relevant art. After the programming connection is established,data is transferred from the implantable component to the externalcomponent in block 820B. Once finished with the data transfer, thetransferred data is verified in block 822B for accuracy, completeness,integrity, among other verifications. The data in INIT_DATA_ID is alsotransferred at block 824B from implantable component to the externalcomponent. The programming connection or session established at block810B is terminated at block 826B when the programming is finished. Oncethe destination component has received the data, it is initialized orotherwise prepared at block 828B in one embodiment of the presentinvention. In one embodiment of the present invention, the data iscopied or applied to the external component to modify the behavior ofthe external component during use of the overall cochlear implant by therecipient.

In block 830B, the external component is put in operational mode inblock 830B. Periodically during use of the cochlear implant, at block840B, the value stored in INIT_DATA_ID in the external component iscompared to the INIT_DATA_ID from the source or implantable component.Where the values match or are otherwise acceptable with respect to oneanother, the cochlear implant is permitted to continue operations. Wherethe values differ, the cochlear implant enters an error state in block850B. By thus periodically verifying the identify or acceptability ofthe external component, it will be possible to ensure that anunauthorized external component is not brought into operation with theimplantable component. Furthermore, by also verifying compatibility ofthe external and implantable component at block 805B, it is possible toensure that an unauthorized component is not used with the implantablecomponent both initially and during normal operations.

FIG. 9A is a schematic diagram of memory modules 928 and 938respectively in implantable and external components of a cochlearimplant according to embodiments of the present invention. In FIG. 9A,data is shown being transferred (represented by the arrow) fromimplantable memory module 938 to external memory module 928. However, itis to be understood that the data may be transferred from externalmemory module 928 to implantable memory module 938 in other embodimentsof the present invention. In yet further embodiments of the presentinvention, the data is transferred both from and to each of memorymodules 928, 938. As shown, the data in implantable memory module 938comprises one or more data structures configured to receive and storeone or more data. Also as shown in FIG. 9A, external memory module 928comprises one or more data structures configured to receive and storeone or more data.

Although external and implantable memory modules 928 and 938 areillustrated in FIG. 9A as being continuous, it is to be understood thatthe memory modules may comprise multiple physical components, eachconfigured to receive and store, as well as transmit, one or more data.Additionally, as illustrated in FIG. 9B, it is to be understood thatwhen data is transferred between external memory module 928 andimplantable memory module 938, it is not necessary under embodiments ofthe present invention to transfer the entire data set contained therein.In certain embodiments, only a subset of data contained within theimplantable memory module is transferred to the external memory module.In the particular embodiment illustrated in FIG. 9B, serial number 939A,stimulation strategy ID 939D, patient map 939E and data(y) 399G istransferred to external memory module 929.

As used herein, “electrical contact” and “electrode” have been usedinterchangeably. Furthermore, the term “comprising” (and its grammaticalvariations) as used herein is used in the inclusive sense of “having” or“including” and not in the exclusive sense of “consisting only of.” Theterms “a” and “the” as used herein are understood to encompass theplural as well as the singular. Also, “implantable components” and“implanted components” have been used interchangeably herein, referringto implantable component after being implanted in the recipient.

All documents, patents, journal articles and other materials cited inthe present application are hereby incorporated by reference.

Although the present invention has been fully described in conjunctionwith several embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanyingdrawings, it is to be understood that various changes and modificationsmay be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes andmodifications are to be understood as included within the scope of thepresent invention as defined by the appended claims, unless they departtherefrom.

1. An implantable medical device comprising: an implantable component,comprising an implantable memory module, configured to receive and storerecipient-specific operating parameters in said implantable memorymodule; an external component, comprising an external memory module,configured to communicate with said implantable component to receivesaid recipient-specific operating parameters, and to configure theexternal component using said recipient-specific operating parameters,wherein said implantable medical device is configured to transfer saidrecipient-specific operating parameters upon operationally coupling saidimplantable component with said external component.
 2. The implantablemedical device of claim 1, wherein said implantable component isconfigured to be coupled to a programming system, prior to implantationof said implantable component in the recipient, and further configuredto receive said recipient-specific operating parameters therefrom. 3.The implantable medical device of claim 2, wherein said implantablemedical device is configured to be communicably coupled to saidprogramming system via a cable.
 4. The implantable medical device ofclaim 2, wherein said implantable medical device is configured to becommunicably coupled to said programming system via a wirelessconnection.
 5. The implantable medical device of claim 1, wherein saidimplantable component is configured to receive a request from saidexternal component prior to transferring said recipient-specificoperating parameters from said implantable memory module to saidexternal memory module of said external component.
 6. The implantablemedical device of claim 1, wherein said external component furthercomprises an identification circuit, said external component configuredto transmit an identification code stored on said identificationcircuit, and further wherein said implantable component comprises asensor configured to receive said identification code and furtherconfigured to transmit said recipient-specific operating parameters fromsaid implantable memory module to said external memory module uponreceiving said identification code.
 7. The implantable medical device ofclaim 6, wherein said external component is configured to broadcast saididentification code periodically.
 8. The implantable medical device ofclaim 6, further comprising an external communication componentconfigured to couple with said external component and to transmit saididentification code from said external component to said implantablecomponent, and further configured to receive and then provide saidrecipient-specific operating parameters from said implantable memorymodule to said external memory module.
 9. The implantable medical deviceof claim 6, wherein said implantable component is configured to receivesaid identification code directly from said external component.
 10. Theimplantable medical device of claim 1, further comprising an externalcommunication component configured to couple with said externalcomponent and to receive and then provide said recipient-specificoperating parameters from said implantable memory module to saidexternal memory module.
 11. The implantable medical device of claim 1,wherein said implantable component is configured to receive saididentification code directly from said external component.
 12. Theimplantable medical device of claim 1, wherein said data transferred tosaid external memory module comprises a subset of said data stored insaid implantable memory module.
 13. The implantable medical device ofclaim 1, wherein said implantable medical device is a prosthetic hearingdevice.
 14. The implantable medical device of claim 13, wherein saidprosthetic hearing device is a cochlear implant.
 15. The implantablemedical device of claim 13, wherein said prosthetic hearing device is abone conduction device.
 16. A method for configuring an implantablemedical device for a recipient having an implantable component and anexternal component, each of the components having a respectiveimplantable memory module and external memory module, the methodcomprising: storing recipient-specific operating parameters in theimplantable component; communicably coupling the implantable componentand the external component; transferring the recipient-specificoperating parameters from the implantable component to the externalcomponent; and configuring said external component by applying therecipient-specific operating parameters to the external component. 17.The method for programming an implantable medical device of claim 16,wherein said communicably coupling the implantable component to theexternal component further comprises: verifying the compatibility of theimplantable component with the external component prior to saidtransferring recipient-specific operating parameters between theimplantable memory module and the external memory module.
 18. The methodfor programming an implantable medical device of claim 16, wherein saidtransferring recipient-specific operating parameters between theimplantable memory module and the external memory module is via awireless link between the implantable component and the externalcomponent.
 19. The method for programming an implantable medical deviceof claim 16, wherein said transferring recipient-specific operatingparameters between the implantable memory module and the external memorymodule comprises transferring a subset of data stored in the implantablememory module.
 20. A computer readable medium comprising a computerprogram for controlling a processor to execute a method for configuringan implantable medical device for a recipient having an implantablecomponent and an external component, each of the components having arespective implantable memory module and external memory module, themethod comprising: storing recipient-specific operating parameters inthe implantable component; communicably coupling the implantablecomponent and the external component; transferring therecipient-specific operating parameters from the implantable componentto the external component; and configuring said external component byapplying the recipient-specific operating parameters to the externalcomponent.
 21. The computer readable medium comprising a computerprogram for controlling a processor of claim 20, wherein saidcommunicably coupling the implantable component to the externalcomponent further comprises: verifying the compatibility of theimplantable component with the external component prior to saidtransferring recipient-specific operating parameters between theimplantable memory module and the external memory module.
 22. Animplantable medical device for a recipient having an implantablecomponent and an external component, each of the components having arespective implantable memory module and external memory module, thedevice comprising: means for storing recipient-specific operatingparameters in the implantable component; means for communicably couplingthe implantable component and the external component; means fortransferring the recipient-specific operating parameters from theimplantable component to the external component; and means forconfiguring said external component by applying the recipient-specificoperating parameters to the external component.
 23. The implantablemedical device for programming an implantable medical device of claim22, further comprising: means for verifying the compatibility of theimplantable component with the external component prior to saidtransferring recipient-specific operating parameters between theimplantable memory module and the external memory module.
 24. Animplantable medical device comprising: an implantable component,comprising an implantable memory module, configured to receive and storerecipient-specific operating parameters in said implantable memorymodule; an external component, comprising an external memory module,configured to communicate with said implantable component to transmitconfiguration data to or from said implantable component, wherein saidimplantable medical device is configured to transfer said configurationdata upon operationally coupling said implantable component with saidexternal component.
 25. The implantable medical device of claim 24,wherein said external component further comprises an identificationcircuit, said external component configured to transmit anidentification code stored on said identification circuit, and furtherwherein said implantable component comprises a sensor configured toreceive said identification code and further configured to enter anoperational mode upon receiving said identification code.
 26. Theimplantable medical device of claim 25, wherein said external componentis configured to broadcast said identification code periodically. 27.The implantable medical device of claim 25, further comprising anexternal communication component configured to couple with said externalcomponent and to transmit said identification code from said externalcomponent to said implantable component.
 28. The implantable medicaldevice of claim 25, wherein said implantable component is configured toreceive said identification code directly from said external component.29. The implantable medical device of claim 25, said implantablecomponent further configured to maintain said operational mode uponperiodically receiving said identification code within a preset timeperiod.
 30. The implantable medical device of claim 25, wherein saidexternal component further comprises a functional component configuredto provide a functional signal to said implantable component.
 31. Theimplantable medical device of claim 30, wherein said functionalcomponent is a power source.
 32. The implantable medical device of claim30, wherein said functional component is a speech processor.
 33. Theimplantable medical device of claim 31, wherein said functional signalis a power signal from said power source.
 34. The implantable medicaldevice of claim 33, wherein said implantable component is configured toperiodically match said received identification code from said externalcomponent to a corresponding identification code stored in saidimplantable memory module, and further configured to accept said powersignal from said functional component only subsequent to saididentification code being matched to said identification code.
 35. Theimplantable medical device of claim 24, wherein said implantable medicaldevice is a prosthetic hearing device.
 36. The implantable medicaldevice of claim 35, wherein said prosthetic hearing device is a cochlearimplant.
 37. The implantable medical device of claim 35, wherein saidprosthetic hearing device is a bone conduction device.